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SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE CREATION OF A DATA MATRIX AS A PRIORITY INSTRUMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE «SINGLE WINDOW» MECHANISM IN THE MEMBER STATES OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

Sergei Mozer

РУССКИЙ

Sergei Mozer, Ph.D. (Law)

Deputy Head of the Division of Advanced Customs Technologies of the Department of Customs Legislation and Law Enforcement Practice of the Eurasian Economic Commission

moser@teloneum.net

Published: Gaps in Russian Legislation. — Vol. 16,  № 2. — 2023. — pages 284-296. 

© S.V. Mozer, 2023

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The research article was prepared as part of a scientific study conducted by the author on improving the theoretical and legal foundations of customs regulation in the Eurasian Economic Union (Union, EAEU) in the framework of interaction with the World Customs Organization.

Annotation

A task

To form scientific and methodological approaches to the creation of a Data Matrix as a priority tool for the development of «the single window» mechanism in the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union (data matrix).

Conclusions

The research article is devoted to the issue of creating a Data Matrix as part of the implementation of clause 9.4. of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 (Strategic Directions). The methodological approaches formed in the article, as well as proposals, can be used in the course of expert work on improving customs regulation and trade facilitation in the EAEU.

Social Consequences

The study is associated with the implementation of the Strategic Directions in direction 9 in terms of the Commission, together with the Member States, working to develop priority instruments for implementing the «single window» mechanism in the foreign trade regulation system.

Practical value

The results of the study are of interest to the customs cooperation bloc of the Commission and can be used by its experts as part of the work of the Commission’s Working group to develop priority instruments for implementing the «single window» mechanism in the foreign trade regulation system.

The article is recommended to researchers, teachers, students, graduate students and other categories of students in the Russian Customs Academy, in other universities and the WCO regional training centers in the specialties «Customs» and «Jurisprudence».

Originality/value

The research material is based on an analysis of the practical aspects of the Commission’s activities and is the result of a comprehensive study of the issue of improving Union law and trade facilitation procedures based on the best practices of customs regulation.

Keywords: Data Matrix, single window, trade facilitation, Eurasian Economic Union, EEU, the Eurasian Economic Commission, EEC, customs regulation, improvement of customs regulation, customs, legal instruments and tools, strategy, methodology.

 

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The history of the formation and development of the “single window” mechanism in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (hereinafter referred to as the EAEU, the Union) goes back more than one year, and its organizational and legal basis is based on a whole set of legal means developed, both at the level of the Eurasian Economic Commission (hereinafter – EEC, Commission), and nationally – in the member states of the Union, which are developing and improving national systems of the instrument we are analyzing.

Observing the process of developing the legal, organizational, technical and technological aspects of the “single window” mechanism at the EAEU level, one can identify its main ideologists from the EEC, with whom the author had to interact in practice. Among them V.A. Goshin, S.D. Duysebaev, D.K. Sekerbayeva. At the same time, the issues of developing the “single window” mechanism, taking into account the developed approaches of the Commission, were studied, first of all, are in the works of D.K. Sekerbayeva.[1]

As practice has shown, the “single window” mechanism is an effective and efficient tool for simplifying trade procedures, and in the context of digitalization of modern customs and foreign economic relations in the Union member states, it has a positive impact on the development of customs administration and business in general.[2]

The issue of analyzing data circulation and creating a data matrix on foreign economic activity for the implementation of the reference model of the national “single window” mechanism was studied by the Department of Customs Legislation and Enforcement Practice of the Eurasian Economic Commission (hereinafter referred to as the Department) from mid-2019 to October 2020.[3]

The basis for this work was clause 2.1.1 of the detailed plan for 2020 for the implementation of the Action plan for the implementation of the Main Directions for the Development of the Single Window Mechanism in the System for Regulating Foreign Economic Activity, approved by Decision of the Commission Council dated March 16, 2020 No. 24.[4]  The result of the activities carried out was the preparation of the project Conceptual approaches to constructing a data matrix, and then subsequent consideration and approval of this document on 07/10/2020 at the Department’s site in a wide format with the participation of experts from all member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.[5] The developers of conceptual approaches are Sergei Mozer and V.A. Zelenov.

However, due to the completion in 2020 of the action plan for the implementation of the Main Directions for the Development of the Single Window Mechanism in the System for Regulating Foreign Economic Activity, work on the data matrix was suspended. At the same time, on December 11, 2020, the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council approved the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 (hereinafter referred to as the Strategic Directions). Clause 9.4 of the Strategic Directions provides for the Commission, together with member states, to work on developing priority tools for implementing the “single window” mechanism in the system of regulating foreign economic activity.[6]

Along with this, work on creating a data matrix on foreign economic activity and optimizing (reengineering) business processes existing throughout the supply chain of goods (one of the elements of the process of forming a technological basis for the creation and development of tools for implementing the “single window” mechanism) is provided for in the Action Plan for the implementation Strategic directions for the development of Eurasian economic integration until 2025, approved by order of the Commission Council dated 04/05/2021 No.4 [7] (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan).

It is worth noting that the key activities for the development of the “single window” mechanism in the mentioned action plan are the following:

“the Commission together with the EAEU member states is carrying out work to develop priority tools for implementing the “single window” mechanism in the foreign trade regulation system, within the framework of which it is planned to:

preparation of acts of the Union bodies that ensure the normative consolidation of priority instruments for the implementation of the national “single window” mechanism;

formation of a data matrix on foreign economic activity for the purpose of subsequent optimization of redundant business processes existing throughout the entire supply chain of goods;

organizing events aimed at demonstrating pilot projects for the implementation of national “single window” mechanisms in order to ensure their future compatibility and the possibility of data exchange;

preparation and subsequent sending (once every 2 years) to the member states of the Union of review materials reflecting existing world practices regarding the successful development and implementation of the “single window” mechanism or its individual elements, including on advanced information and communication technologies and ultimately the implementation of national single windows in the Member States of the Union.”[8]

The global goals in this activity are the implementation of the reference model of the national “single window” mechanism, practical interaction with projects implemented within the framework of the Union’s digital agenda, as well as the digitalization of the activities of customs authorities.

Taking into account the above, in our opinion, it is necessary to resume the previously begun work of the Commission related to the preparation of Conceptual approaches to constructing a data matrix, and to conduct expert consultations to discuss approaches to the preparation of this document.

In modern conditions of development of Eurasian integration, special attention is paid to the development of the “single window” project, the institution of digital customs, as well as modern tools for simplifying trade procedures and improving customs administration. One of the tools for implementing the “single window” mechanism in the EAEU member states, according to the author, is a data matrix.[9]

 

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We need to note that the EAEU law does not contain the concept of “data matrix” as a tool for developing the single window mechanism. Today, there are also no theoretical provisions (approaches) that reveal the data matrix as an organizational and legal phenomenon.

Let us consider the organizational and legal approaches we have formed to the creation of a data matrix as a priority tool for the development of the “single window” mechanism.

In our opinion, in order to form a data matrix, it is advisable to determine a top-level list of business processes within the framework of a security supply chain of goods, analyze documents and the data they contain for duplication in the context of each business process, and also begin to optimize existing business processes.

Analysis of law enforcement practice and scientific and methodological approaches to the formation of a data matrix revealed the following problems:

  1. Lack of a unified list of business processes for improving and implementing approaches to their optimization.[10]
  2. Lack of a model for the generation (administration, provision, use, distribution, receipt, movement) of data in the context of business processes, as well as documents used within the security supply chain of goods.
  3. Lack of a data matrix model.
  4. Lack of effective tools for optimizing business processes based on analysis of data generation by subjects of foreign trade relations by mode of transport, name of goods, areas of regulation, customs procedures (in accordance with the Customs Code of the EAEU), customs technologies, incl. digital, in the field of customs administration.
  5. Lack of a model (list) of using digital technologies within business processes, as well as a comprehensive analysis of their impact on data management in modern conditions of customs administration, taking into account best practices of customs regulation.
  6. Lack of visual means of graphically displaying (presenting) the formation (movement) of data throughout the entire supply chain of goods.

Thus, today the Union does not have the necessary tools (approaches, methods, concepts) that would allow for comprehensive work on the analysis of data used by subjects of foreign trade relations along the entire supply chain of goods, in terms of business processes and the further formation of a data matrix.

         When forming a data matrix, we set the following tasks:

  1. Create a top-level list of business processes.
  2. Create a list of documents (commercial, permitting, international) used when carrying out business processes (operations).
  3. Create a complete set of data generated throughout the entire supply chain of goods.
  4. Analyze scientific and methodological approaches to creating a data matrix.
  5. Create a data matrix model (graphical, tabular, descriptive) – grouping data in the context of business processes within the framework of the “single window” mechanism, as well as an appropriate explanation for it according to such criteria as: subjects, transport, documents, scope of regulation, customs technologies, features (national).

One of the main issues in the implementation of clause 9.4. of Strategic direction in terms of developing the “single window” mechanism is the formation of a conceptual apparatus and, in our case, the definition at the regulatory level of the concept of “data matrix”. At the stage of forming the project of organizational and legal approaches, we offer several options:

Option 1. Data matrix – a structured system of data (elements, characteristics) used in the supply chain of goods in the context of business processes within the framework of national “single window” mechanisms.

Option 2. Data matrix – a means of presenting data (a method of presenting data, a data table; a set of data presented in a table in numerical and symbolic form) used in the supply chain of goods in the context of business processes within the framework of national “single window” mechanisms.

Option 3. Data matrix is a table of data (elements, characteristics), which is formed on the basis of the business processes being implemented and the data used in the goods supply chain within the framework of the national “single window” mechanism.

Methods of presenting a data matrix: tabular form, graphical, descriptive.

In our opinion, a data matrix is an effective tool for:

  • analysis of data provided by various entities in the process of foreign economic activity;
  • identifying duplication of such data throughout the supply chain of goods;
  • identification of unnecessary operations performed by foreign economic entities and government regulators;
  • identification of bottlenecks in the administration of foreign trade relations within the framework of the “single window” mechanism;
  • preparing practical proposals for optimizing business processes (and data sets);
  • tabular, graphical display of data matrix elements;
  • statistical analysis of such elements;
  • data matrix models.

The organizational and legal approaches we propose characterize the data matrix as a structure consisting of a set of elements. In our understanding, the structure of the data matrix is presented as follows:

  1. Title of the document;
  2. types of documents;
  3. sample documents;
  4. name of the data;

 

5. data code;

6. data repeat;

7. data source;

8. stages of the goods supply chain;

9. business processes;

10. operations (sub-business processes);

11. areas of regulation and types of activities;

12. subjects (foreign trade participants, regulators);

13. name of product;

14. kind of transport;

15. customs technologies;

16. digital technologies;

17. optimization (reengineering);

18. specifics (national characteristics in terms of data, business processes, countries).

Let’s take a closer look at each of the elements.

  • List of documents used by subjects of foreign trade relations throughout the supply chain of goods, depending on the product, the type of transport on which it will be transported, the country of import/export and other conditions of delivery.
  1. Foreign trade contract;
  2. Commercial invoice;
  3. Packing list;
  4. Specification, etc.

Note: a complete list of documents will be formulated later.

  • Types of documents used by foreign trade participants and regulators throughout the supply chain of goods:
  1. Commercial;
  2. Permits;
  3. Sample document is a reference field and contains sample documents used by subjects of foreign trade relations.

             4) Data as information about legal facts related to the implementation of foreign trade activities is generated from documents used by subjects of foreign trade relations throughout the entire supply chain of goods.

            5) The data code is assigned in accordance with established rules and is used for the convenience of graphical and tabular display of data in a single coordinate system.

Each data set is a 6-digit digital code in which:

– element 1 (1-3 characters) – serial number of the document used by subjects of foreign trade relations throughout the entire supply chain of goods;

– element 2 (4-6 characters) – serial number of data in the document in question.

         6) The data repetition sign is filled in if the data was previously presented as part of previous business processes.

             7) The subject of foreign trade relations who indicates this data for the first time is indicated as the source of data.

          8) Stage of the goods supply chain, as a stage (block), consists of a separate group of business processes, is determined by international standards and includes:

  1. Purchase;
  2. Obtaining permits (licensing, quotas);
  3. Transportation (insurance, transport, logistics, storage);
  4. Payment;
  5. Customs operations;
  6. Tax transactions;
  7. Audit (tax, customs).

       9) Business processes, as a set of interrelated and structured actions aimed at achieving a certain result in the field of foreign economic activity,[11] are grouped in the data matrix as follows:

  1. Conclusion of a foreign trade contract;
  2. Payment;
  3. Logistics;
  4. Arrival;
  5. Customs declaration;
  6. Customs transit;
  7. Departure;
  8. Post-clearance audit.

Note: the full list of business processes will be determined later.

       10) Operations (sub-business processes) are a sub-level of business processes and are highlighted in the data matrix (if it is necessary to detail the actions performed by the subjects):

  1. Registration of a contract with a bank (BP “Conclusion of a foreign economic activity contract”);
  2. Formation of a payment order (BP “Payment” ;
  3. Preliminary information (BP “Arrival”);
  4. Registration of DT (BP “Customs Declaration”);
  5. Refusal to register DT (BP “Customs Declaration”);
  6. Release of goods (BP “Customs Declaration”);
  7. Refusal to release goods (BP “Customs Declaration”);
  8. Temporary storage (BP “Customs Declaration”);
  9. Customs clearance/inspection (BP “Customs control”);
  10. Currency control (BP “Customs control”);
  11. Transportation (BP “Logistics”);
  12. Loading/unloading/transshipment (BP “Logistics”);
  13. Insurance (BP “Logistics”);
  14. Customs inspection (BP “Post-customs audit”).

Note: the full list of operations will be determined later.

         11) Regulatory areas and activities are defined by the Single Window Reference Model and include:

  1. Customs regulation;
  2. Customs tariff regulation;
  3. Currency regulation;
  4. Tax regulation;

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  1. Non-tariff regulation;
  2. Technical regulation;
  3. Sanitary regulation;
  4. Veterinary and sanitary regulation;[12]
  5. Quarantine phytosanitary regulation;
  6. Banking regulation;
  7. Insurance regulation;
  8. Transport regulation;
  9. Intellectual property.

         12) The “Subjects ” element includes participants in foreign trade activities and government regulators.

  • Subjects:
  1. Buyer;
  2. Seller;
  3. Carrier;
  4. Buyer’s bank;
  5. Seller’s bank;
  6. Customs representative (broker);
  7. Temporary storage warehouse;
  8. Duty Free Shop;
  9. Customs warehouse;
  10. Free warehouse;
  11. AEO;
  12. Manufacturer;
  13. Logistics company;
  14. Freight forwarding company;
  15. Express carrier;
  16. Port administrator;
  17. Insurance company;
  18. Patent Organization;
  19. Postal operator;
  20. Indefined
  • State regulators:
  1. Customs;
  2. Border Authority;
  3. Transport Authority;
  4. Sanitary Authority;
  5. Veterinary Authority;
  6. Phytosanitary Authority;
  7. Tax authority;
  8. Law enforcement agency;
  9. Indefined
  • Non-state regulators :
  1. Certification bodies;
  2. Testing laboratories;
  3. Chamber of Commerce and Industry;
  4. Indefined

         13) Product name – is indicated in the data matrix if, when moving goods, as well as performing various operations, regulatory authorities require specific, additional data.

        14)Type of transport as a means of moving goods includes:

  1. Auto;
  2. Air;
  3. Water (sea, river);
  4. Railway;
  5. Combined;
  6. Indefined

       15) Customs technologies include the following technologies currently in force and used by customs authorities:

  1. Electronic declaring;
  2. Preliminary information;
  3. Remote release;
  4. Automatic registration of DT;
  5. Automatic release of DT;
  6. Electronic declaring when transit;
  7. Non-intrusive technologies;
  8. Tracking systems;
  9. Indefined

       16) Digital technologies include the following advanced and promising technologies and solutions:

  1. Blockchain;
  2. Internet of Things;
  3. Artificial intelligence;
  4. Machine learning;
  5. Big Data;
  6. Cloud technologies;
  7. Deep Scan;
  8. Mobile technologies;
  9. Biometrics;
  10. Augmented reality technology;
  11. Single window;
  12. Undefined

         17) The “Optimization (reengineering)” section provides information on the possibility/feasibility of optimizing business processes, operations (sub-business processes) or stages of the goods supply chain.

        18) Specifics (national characteristics in the context of data, business processes, countries) contain individual information for each member state of the Union regarding the specifics or requirements for the mandatory indication of certain data, documents, business processes, etc.

In our opinion, when forming a data matrix as part of the implementation of clause 9.4. of Strategic directions regarding the development of the “single window” mechanism must adhere to the following methodological principles:

a) the principle of comparability assumes that the conditions for the formation of a data matrix must be the same for all its elements, units of analysis. When carrying out the analysis, unified schemes for describing (coding, displaying) the elements of the data matrix are used;

b) the principle of completeness means that for each element of the data matrix only one manifestation of a characteristic (value) is recorded. A variable can only take on mutually exclusive values, covering all its possible manifestations (displaying);

c) the principle of complexity is the requirement that there are no empty elements (cells) in the data matrix. All values are based on the practical implementation of business processes.[13]

 

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The data matrix is created on the MS Access platform (a sample form for registering a business process and data within the goods supply chain is shown in Fig.1). In order to unify the characteristics (values), corresponding lists are formed (see “Structure of the data matrix)”. Graphic display of the formation (movement) of data along the entire supply chain of goods is carried out using MS Access and MS Excel.

Fig.1. Form for registering a business process, data within the supply chain of goods

Generating reports. A software tool and technical solution on the MS Access platform, used to generate a database of business processes and distribute data according to established characteristics, provides the generation of reports, as well as graphical display of elements (features) of the data matrix in one coordinate system.

The created system allows to select information simultaneously on several elements (features) of the data matrix within the goods supply chain: data, business processes, operations (sub-business processes), stages of the goods supply chain, types of documents used by foreign trade participants and regulators along the entire chain supply of goods, document forms, goods, type of transport, subjects (foreign trade participants, regulators), areas of regulation and types of activities, customs technologies, digital technologies, national characteristics (data, business processes, country), optimization (reengineering).

In addition, one of the functions of this tool is to assist in activities to optimize business processes [14] in the context of the ongoing work to develop the national “single window” mechanism in the Union member states.

The main elements of the data matrix are business processes and data carried out and accordingly generated throughout the supply chain of goods. Optional elements (features) are the above characteristics. Thus, the following reports are generated:

  • distribution of data in the context of business processes;
  • distribution of data among subjects of business processes;
  • distribution of data by mode of transport;
  • distribution of data by areas of regulation;
  • distribution of data taking into account the applied customs (including digital) technologies;

Reports may include information about problems, optimization proposals, and references to legal regulations. This is ensured by reflecting the corresponding elements (features) of the data matrix during its formation.

Business process card. In order to analyze the elements (features) of the data matrix, a business process card is used as a tool. The approaches to its formation correspond to the methodological recommendations reflected in the methodology for assessing the state of development of the “single window” mechanism in the Union member states. [15]The form of the business process card is shown in Fig. 2.

 

Fig. 2 Business process card form.

 

Data matrix model. In our opinion, in the future it is necessary to create a Data Matrix Model. It is assumed that its model can be considered “as is” and “as will be.” In the second case we are talking about a Reference Model of a Data Matrix. A discussion is required regarding the appropriateness of this section.

Risks. Among the risks when creating a data matrix, we highlight the following:

  • lack of political will in the implementation of the project, including the readiness at the expert level of the EEC and the Union member states to agree on the list of elements of the data matrix;
  • excessive detail of business processes;
  • presence of national characteristics;
  • difficulties with the technical implementation of the project when using the software product (the proposed database);

– restrictions regarding the processing of the full list of documents used by subjects of foreign trade relations throughout the supply chain of goods, depending on the product, the type of transport on which it will be moved, the country of import/export and other conditions of delivery.

Action plan. In our opinion, the implementation of the Action Plan for the implementation of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025[16] in terms of creating a data matrix requires the formation of an appropriate action plan. An express analysis of the issues raised in this study allows us to propose the following activities:

  1. Generate a complete list of data matrix elements:
  • title of the data;
  • business processes;
  • operations (sub-business processes);
  • stages of the goods supply chain;
  • types of documents used by foreign trade participants and regulators throughout the supply chain of goods;
  • document forms;
  • subjects (foreign trade participants, regulators);
  • areas of regulation and types of activities;
  • customs technologies;
  • digital technologies, etc.
  1. Create a business process card that accumulates information about the business process, data generated within the framework of this business process, documents, entities, customs (including digital) technologies.
  2. Organize a meeting of an expert group at the Eurasian Economic Commission to discuss the full list of elements of the data matrix, their subsequent accumulation and further analysis.
  3. Identify promising activities to create a data matrix.
  4. Start filling the data matrix using MS Access and MS Excel .

Digital agenda of the EAEU and data matrix. We will not surprise anyone if we assert that in the current conditions of development of Eurasian economic integration, issues of improving customs regulation and trade simplification are

 

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associated with the digital agenda, the creation of a digital ecosystem, and corresponding legal instruments and projects.[17]Along with this, the issue of digital transformation of the state continues to remain relevant.[18] 

In this regard, it is worth paying attention to the information resource of the Eurasian Economic Union “Digital Agenda of the EAEU”. Information about the digital agenda of the Union, the regulatory framework, projects implemented in the Union, business processes, and expert platforms is accumulated here.

Among the projects we see 4 positions:

  1. Ecosystem of digital transport corridors of the Eurasian Economic Union.
  2. Unified search system “Work without borders”.
  3. Digital technical regulation within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union.
  4. Eurasian network of industrial cooperation, subcontracting and technology transfer.

The development of the institute of digital (smart, intellectual) customs is not included in this list. This does not mean at all that such work is not carried out at the expert level in the Union. We are only stating the fact that there is no independent project in the EAEU that is related to digital customs.

We believe that “the formation of a data matrix on foreign economic activity with the aim of subsequent optimization of redundant business processes existing throughout the supply chain of goods” [19] is associated with the development of both the “single window” mechanism [20] and the institution of digital customs in the EAEU.[21]  

As part of a comparative analysis of the international experience of customs and economic unions in terms of shaping the digital agenda, let us turn to the information platform of the European Commission “Shaping the digital future of Europe”.[22] It presents a library on the topic of digitalization of various areas of regulation in the economic union, as well as areas of work on such topics as the digital economy, advanced digital technologies as a digital society and international cooperation on digitalization issues. A separate block is devoted to legal instruments and materials of electronic customs.[23]

         In our opinion, the information resources provided can be used in the preparation of analytical materials and scientific research on the issues of digitalization of modern customs, the economy and digital transformation in general.

         Conclusions:

  1. The issue of forming a matrix of data on foreign economic activity for the implementation of the reference model of the national “single window” mechanism was worked out in the Union from mid-2019 to October 2020.

The basis for such work was initially clause 2.1.1 of the Detailed plan for 2020 for the implementation of the action plan for the implementation of the Main Directions for the Development of the Single Window Mechanism in the System for Regulating Foreign Economic Activity.[24]

  1. The result of the activities carried out was the preparation in the Commission of a draft conceptual approach to constructing a data matrix on 10/07/2020. The developers of conceptual approaches are Sergei Mozer
    and V.A. Zelenov.
  2. The project to develop a data matrix has been suspended due to the completion in 2020 of the Action plan for the implementation of the Main Directions for the development of the “single window” mechanism in the system for regulating foreign economic activity.
  3. Activities to form a matrix of data on foreign trade activities and optimize business processes existing throughout the supply chain of goods (one of the elements of the process of forming a technological basis for the creation and development of tools for implementing the “single window” mechanism) is provided for in paragraph 9.4 of the Action Plan for the implementation of Strategic directions approved by order of the Commission Council dated 04/05/2021 № 4.[25]
  4. Analysis of law enforcement practice and scientific and methodological approaches to the formation of a data matrix, in the author’s opinion, revealed a number of issues that are reflected in this publication. The tasks for forming the data matrix are also defined here.
  5. The author’s definition of the concept “data matrix” is proposed:

Option 1. Data matrix – a structured system of data (elements, characteristics) used in the supply chain of goods in the context of business processes within the framework of national “single window” mechanisms.

 

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Option 2. Data matrix – a means of presenting data (a method of presenting data, a data table; a set of data presented in a table in numerical and symbolic form) used in the supply chain of goods in the context of business processes within the framework of national “single window” mechanisms.

Option 3. Data matrix is a table of data (elements, characteristics), which is formed on the basis of the business processes being implemented and the data used in the goods supply chain within the framework of the national “single window” mechanism.

  1. We believe that a data matrix can be represented as a structure consisting of a set of elements. In our understanding, the structure of the data matrix is presented as follows: (1) name of the document; (2) types of documents; (3) sample documents; (4) name of the data; (5) data code; (6) data repetition; (7) data source; (8) stages of the goods supply chain; (9) business processes; (10) operations (sub-business processes); (11) areas of regulation and types of activities; (12) subjects (foreign trade participants, regulators); (13) goods; (14) mode of transport; (15) customs technologies; (16) digital technologies; (17) optimization (reengineering); (18) specificity (national characteristics in terms of data, business processes, countries).

A description of the basic elements of the data matrix structure is given in this study.

  1. As a technical solution, it was proposed to create a data matrix on the MS Access platform (a sample form for registering a business process and data within the goods supply chain is shown in Fig. 1). In order to unify the characteristics (values), corresponding lists are formed (see “Structure of the data matrix)”. Graphic display of the formation (movement) of data along the entire supply chain of goods is carried out using MS Access and MS Excel.
  2. As part of the study, a card for analyzing business processes was proposed (Fig. 2), potential risks when creating a data matrix were voiced, and a thesis was put forward about the need to create a Reference Model of a Data Matrix .
  3. During the study, activities were formulated that need to be carried out as part of the implementation of paragraph 9.4 of the Action Plan.
  4. The digital agenda of the EAEU and the data matrix were considered. The thesis has been put forward that its formation is connected with the development of the “single window” mechanism and the institution of digital customs in the EAEU.

         1 2. Regarding the development of the EAEU digital agenda, the following conclusions are formulated:

         “- the EAEU is implementing a promising project “Digital Agenda of the EAEU”, which can be found on the Union’s information platform via the link.[26]

         – the mentioned digital agenda does not cover the institution of digital customs.

         – European institutions are successfully implementing the project “Shaping the digital future of Europe”, which can be found on the European Commission page here.[27]

         – Along with this, we are developing an electronic customs project in the European Union.[28]

         – the digital agenda of the EAEU requires modernization through the formation of an independent project “Digital Customs in the EAEU”, for which it is necessary to create appropriate expert platforms in the Union, as well as legal instruments, for example, the concept for the development of digital customs in the EAEU .

         – The information resources provided can be used in the preparation of analytical materials and scientific research on the issues of digitalization of modern customs, the economy and digital transformation in general.[29]

        

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REFERENCES

  1. Duisebayev S.D., Sekerbayeva D.K., Mozer S.V., Belousova L.V. Collection. The state of development of the «single window» mechanism in the system of regulation of foreign economic activity. – M.: Tparan. – 2017. URL: http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/act/tam_sotr/edinoe_okno/Documents/Sbor_EEK_2017.pdf
  2. Sekerbayeva D.K. The concept, structure and content of the administrative-legal mechanism of the «single window» // Socio-political sciences. – 2020. – № 3. – p. 298-305.
  3. Sekerbayeva D.K., S.V. Mozer. Topical issues of the development of the «single window» mechanism in the Eurasian Economic Union in modern conditions // Green Corridor. Science and education in customs // – 2018. – № 1 (3). – p. 5 – 18.
  4. Sekerbayeva D.K., Mozer S.V. The Single Window Mechanism in the EAEU Member States: From the Formation of a Conceptual Apparatus to a Reference Model //Scientific Notes of the St. Petersburg V.B. Bobkov branch of the Russian Customs Academy. – 2017. – № 2 (62). – p. 24-30.
  5. Sekerbayeva D.K. Methodology for analyzing the development of national mechanisms of the «single window» // Collection of articles of graduate students. State educational institution of higher education «Russian Customs Academy». Moscow, 2017.
  6. Sekerbayeva D.K. Topical issues of development of priority tools for implementing the «single window» mechanism in the system of regulation of foreign economic activity in the EAEU. Report // Collection of materials on the results of the XI International Scientific and Practical Conference of the Faculty of Law of the Russian Customs Academy «Problems and Prospects for the Development of Modern Legislation». Lyubertsy, December 23, 2022.
  7. Mozer S.V., Sekerbayeva D.K. On the functioning of the thematic block «electronic customs» in the Eurasian Economic Union // Socio-political sciences. – № 1. – 2020. URL: https://customs-academy.net/?p=3817
  8. Mozer S.V., Sekerbayeva D.K. Topical issues of the formation of the institution of digital (electronic) customs in the Eurasian Economic Union // Socio-political sciences. – № 6. – 2019. URL: http://customs-academy.net/?p=13183
  9. Mozer S.V., Sekerbayeva D.K. Development of the digital customs institution within the framework of the «single window» mechanism in the Eurasian Economic Union // Collection of materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference «Eurasian Economic Integration: current state, problems, trends and development prospects». Penza State University. Volume. Issue 1. Penza, 2020. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43941535
  10. Mozer S.V. Digital agenda of the Eurasian Economic Union // Information resource «Russian Customs Academy: SCIENCE», February 26, 2023. URL: https://customs-academy.net/?p=16500
  11. Nikolsky Alexey. Putin announced the need for digital transformation of Russia // TASS, December 4, 2020. URL: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/10172635
  12. Urmanbekova I.F. N.R. Samadova. Multidimensional (matrix) methods and methods of analysis in marketing research // Economics and business: theory and practice. – 2018. – 2. – P. 83- 88. URL: https://belbriz.ru/obschie-voprosy/matrichnyy-analiz-kak-method-issledovaniya/
  13. Methodology for assessing the state of development of national «single window» mechanisms. Approved by the Decision of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated September 28, 2015 No. 123 «On the Methodology for assessing the state of development of national Single Window Mechanisms». Alta Soft. URL: https://www.alta.ru/tamdoc/15kr0123/
  14. Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated February 4, 2015 № 4 «On a detailed plan for 2015 for the implementation of the action plan for the implementation of the Main Directions for the Development of the Single Window Mechanism in the System of Regulation of Foreign Economic Activity». URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_175270/
  15. Decision of the Supreme Council of the Eurasian Economic Union dated May 8, 2015 № 19 «On the Action Plan for the Implementation of the Main Directions for the Development of the Single Window Mechanism in the System of Regulation of Foreign Economic Activity». URL: https://www.alta.ru/tamdoc/15vr0019/
  16. Strategic directions for the development of Eurasian economic integration until 2025. Approved by the Decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council dated December 11, 2020 № 12 «On Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025». URL: https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/en-us/01428320/scd_12012021_12
  17. Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated March 16, 2020 № 24 «On a detailed plan for 2020 for the implementation of the action plan for the implementation of the Main Directions for the Development of the Single Window Mechanism in the System of Regulation of Foreign Economic Activity». Alta Soft. URL: https://www.alta.ru/tamdoc/20sr0024/
  18. Order of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated April 5, 2021 № 4 «On the action plan for the implementation of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025». URL: https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/en-us/01129230/err_17052021_4_doc.pdf
  19. Digital agenda of the EAEU // Official resource of the EAEU. URL: https://digital.eaeunion.org/extranet/index.php#
  20. Shaping Europe’s digital future // European Commission. URL: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news
  21. Electronic customs// Taxation and Customs Union, European Commission. URL: https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs-4/electronic-customs_en

 

[1]See Sekerbayeva D.K. Concept, structure and content of the administrative-legal mechanism of the “single window” // Socio-political sciences. – 2020. – No. 3. – P. 298-305; Sekerbayeva D.K., S.V. Mozer. Current issues in the development of the “single window” mechanism in the Eurasian Economic Union in modern conditions // Green Corridor. Science and education in customs // – 2018. – No. 1 (3). – P. 5-18; Sekerbayeva D.K., Mozer S.V. The “single window” mechanism in the EAEU member states: from the formation of a conceptual apparatus to a reference model // Scientific Notes of St. Petersburg named after V.B. Bobkov branch of the Russian Customs Academy. – 2017. – No. 2 (62). – P. 24-30; Sekerbayeva D.K. Methodology for analyzing the development of national “single window” mechanisms // Collection of articles by graduate students. State government educational institution of higher education “Russian Customs Academy”. Moscow, 2017.

[2] Sekerbayeva D.K. Current issues in the development of priority tools for implementing the “single window” mechanism in the system of regulation of foreign economic activity in the EAEU. Report // Collection of materials on the results of the XI International Scientific and Practical Conference of the Faculty of Law of the Russian Customs Academy “Problems and prospects for the development of modern legislation.” Lyubertsy, December 23, 2022

[3]Mozer S.V., Sekerbayeva D.K. Current issues in the formation of the institute of digital (electronic) customs in the Eurasian Economic Union // Socio-political sciences. – No. 6 (December). – 2019 (VAK). URL: http://customs-academy.net/?p=13183

[4] Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated March 16, 2020 No. 24 “On the detailed plan for 2020 for the implementation of the action plan for the implementation of the Main Directions for the Development of the Single Window Mechanism in the System for Regulating Foreign Economic Activity.” Alta-Soft. URL: https://www.alta.ru/tamdoc/20sr0024/

[5]See Minutes of the meeting dated 10/07/2020 No. 18-49/pr. Letter of the Commission dated October 09, 2020 No. 18-592.

[6]Strategic directions for the development of Eurasian economic integration until 2025. Approved by the Decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council of December 11, 2020 No. 12 “On Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025.” URL: https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/ru-ru/01428320/scd_12012021_12

[7]Order of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated April 5, 2021 No. 4 “On the action plan for the implementation of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025.” URL: https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/ru-ru/01129230/err_17052021_4_doc.pdf    

[8]Clause 9.4 ibid.

[9]Sekerbayeva D.K., Mozer S.V. The “single window” mechanism in the EAEU member states: from the formation of a conceptual apparatus to a reference model // Scientific notes of the St. Petersburg branch of the Russian Customs Academy No. 2 (62), 2017. – p. 24-30). URL : http://customs-academy.net/?p=11339

[10]Clause 2.1.2 of the detailed plan for 2020 for the implementation of the action plan for the implementation of the Main Directions for the Development of the Single Window Mechanism in the System for Regulating Foreign Economic Activity.

[11]See Decision of the Supreme Council of the Eurasian Economic Union dated May 8, 2015 No. 19 “On the Action plan for the implementation of the Main Directions for the Development of the Single Window Mechanism in the System for Regulating Foreign Economic Activity.” URL : https://www.alta.ru/tamdoc/15vr0019/

[12]See Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated February 4, 2015 No. 4
“On the Detailed plan for 2015 for the implementation of the Action plan for the implementation of the Main Directions for the Development of the Single Window Mechanism in the System for Regulating Foreign Economic Activity.” URL : http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_175270/

[13]See Urmanbekova I.F., Samadova N.R. Multidimensional (matrix) methods and techniques of analysis in marketing research / I.F. Urmanbekova, N.R. Samadova // Economics and business: theory and practice. – 2018. – 2. – P. 83-88. URL: https://belbriz.ru/obschie-voprosy/matrichnyy-analiz-kak-metod-issledovaniya/

[14]See paragraph 2.1.2 of the detailed plan for 2020 for the implementation of the action plan for the implementation of the Main Directions for the Development of the Single Window Mechanism in the System for Regulating Foreign Economic Activity.

[15]Methodology for assessing the state of development of national single window mechanisms. Approved by the Decision of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated September 28, 2015 No. 123 “On the Methodology for assessing the state of development of national single window mechanisms.” Alta-Soft. URL : https://www.alta.ru/tamdoc/15kr0123/ 

[16]See Order of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated April 5, 2021 No. 4 “On the action plan for the implementation of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025.” URL: https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/ru-ru/01129230/err_17052021_4_doc.pdf    

[17]Mozer S.V. Digital agenda of the Eurasian Economic Union // Information resource “Russian Customs Academy: SCIENCE”, February 26, 2023. URL : https :// customs – academy . net /? p =16500

[18]Alexey Nikolsky. Putin announced the need for digital transformation of Russia // TASS, December 4, 2020. URL : https :// tass . ru / ekonomika /10172635

[19]See Order of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated April 5, 2021 No. 4 “On the action plan for the implementation of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025.” – P. 113. Legal resource of the EAEU. URL : https :// docs . eaeunion . org / docs / ru – ru /01129230/ err _17052021_4_ doc . pdf     

[20]Duysebaev S.D., Sekerbayeva D.K., Mozer S.V., Belousova L.V. Collection. The state of development of the “single window” mechanism in the system of regulation of foreign economic activity. – M.: Tparan. – 2017. URL: http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/act/tam_sotr/edinoe_okno/Documents/Sbor_EEK_2017.pdf

[21]Mozer S.V., Sekerbayeva D.K. On the issue of functioning of the thematic block “electronic customs” in the Eurasian Economic Union // Socio-political sciences. – No. 1. –2020. URL : https :// customs – academy . net /? p =3817 ; Mozer S.V., Sekerbayeva D.K. Development of the institute of digital customs within the framework of the “single window” mechanism in the Eurasian Economic Union // Collection of materials of the International scientific and practical conference “Eurasian economic integration: current state, problems, trends and development prospects”. Penza State University. Volume. Issue 1. Penza, 2020. URL : https :// www . library . ru / item . asp ? id =43941535 

[22]Shaping Europe’s digital future // European Commission. URL: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news

[23]Electronic customs // Taxation and Customs Union, European Commission. URL: https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs-4/electronic-customs_en

[24]Approved by decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated March 16, 2020 No. 24.

[25]Order of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated April 5, 2021 No. 4 “On the action plan for the implementation of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025.” URL: https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/ru-ru/01129230/err_17052021_4_doc.pdf    

[26]Digital agenda of the EAEU // Official resource of the EAEU. URL: https://digital.eaeunion.org/extranet/index.php#

[27]Shaping Europe’s digital future // European Commission. URL: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news

[28]Electronic customs // Taxation and Customs Union, European Commission. URL: https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs-4/electronic-customs_en

[29]Moser S.V. Digital agenda of the Eurasian Economic Union // Information resource “Russian Customs Academy: SCIENCE”, February 26, 2023. URL: https://customs-academy.net/?p=16500